Photographic camera



May 5, 1964 w. T. RENTSCHLER PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA 2 Sheet-$heet 1 Original Filed Jan. 28, 1960 Mu/m Z/dd Daniels X Ala/ 0% y 1964 w. T. RENTSCHLER 3,131,618

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed Jan. 28, 1960 QN 25.. m. ka N MN n RN EN l km E 2 h mwmmm WE M 26.2 N4 Q Q 9. 3

M M W T QQQN Mun/1, Z L'ady, Daniels & Mafc'fi 3,131,618 PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA Waldemar T. Rentschler, Calmbach (Enz), Germany, as-

signor to Alfred Gauthier, G.m.b.H., Calrnbach (Enz),

Germany, a corporation of Germany Continuation of application Ser. No. 5,133, Jan. 28, 1960.

This application Apr. 9, 1962, Ser. No. 188,601 Claims priority, application Germany Jan. 31, 1959 18 Claims. (Cl. 95-46) This invention relates to photographic cameras of the type wherein settable diaphragm and exposure time (shutter speed) setting members are coupled to each other in a fixed relation which correlates the speed and diaphragm values in such a manner that there is defined a closed setting range characterized value gradations. i

This application is a continuation of my copending applicationSerial No. 5,133 filed January 28, 1960 and entitled Photographic Camera, and now abandoned.

' It is an object of the present invention to provide a camera of the above type, wherein fully automatic exposure settings can be eifected, taking into account additional exposure factors (other than the factor of light intensity) all in a simple, clearly visible and easily understandable, functionally reliable manner, and wherein especially the setting for theadditional exposure factor'o factors does not require alteration of the mode of operation of the automatic exposure setting device which is utilized. a e e e The invention solves this problem by an organization wherein, for the purpose of automatically effecting the exposure setting in reisponse to operation of a light 'in-- tensity measuring device the fixedly coupled diaphragm and speed setting members as a unity are releasably connected to avthird (so called) setting member which is under the control of the light intensity measuring :device and is actuated by a powered driving device, and wherein for the purpose of taking into account addition-a1 exposure factors other than the factor of light intensity, as for exby uniform exposure members only for the purpose of eifecting a setting process, while no such connection exists during the remaining time. This has the desirable result that the said fourth setting member is not moved during the automatic ex-H posure setting operation, which therefore may be carried out with a minimum amount of driving energy since only relatively small masses need be shifted.

A further construction as provided by the invention results in special advantages with respect to versatile use (utilizability) of the camera while at the same time there is obtained a simple and favorable organization which is functionally reliable and is characterized by a simple and easily understood mode of operation. This further construction provides, for the purpose of selecting either a manual or else an automatic exposure setting (which letter is responsive to actuation of the light intensity measuring device) alternatively operable releasable couplings by which the diaphragm and speed setting members as a unit can be connected either to a manually operable set ting member or else to the said third setting member which is controlled by the light intensity measuring device.

The. operability and mode of operation of a camera constituted in this manner is both extremely simple and re.- liable, for it requires merely the alternating or switching of mechanical couplings in order to select either the manual setting operation or else the automatic setting opera ation, .the latter utilizing the light intensity measuring deample the factor of film sensitivity, a fourth setting member is provided which normally remains stationary with rephragm. setting members" and which fourth setting membet is connectable to the speed and diaphragm setting members'only for the purpose of carrying out the initial camera-as thus. constructed in, accordance. with the lation to the automatic adjustment of the speed and dia-.

inventionhas a number of, important advantages, In

considering theseeit maybe first stressedthat all -of the, settable exposure factors with the exception pf theflight intensityare associated withthe said third setting member a which is under thecontroll of thell igh t intensity measuring device, so that the settinguoffsaid third setting member as effected by the lightintensity measur ing device is in:- accordance .with; genuine lightvalues. n ,This means, that the same position of the said third settingmember is al ways correlated with specific light intensity.values,. regardless :offthe pre-settingsefiected on the camera. This is very advantageous as regards theconstruction andarrangementofthe light intensity measuring device, since it is possiblefto useforisuchinstrumeht a moving'coil type unit? of any characteristic whatsoevena Other advantages of a camera as constructed in accordance with the 'invention reside in the fact that the-said fourth setting member, which is associated with expocurefactors other than-light intensity, is 'co n'nected tothediaphragm and speedsetting vice.. There is no reciprocal effect between theautomatic ranged and constructed, making for an extremely flexible organization.

In a camera as above constructed there may be had not only the above mentioned advantages but additionally other exposure factors different from that involving light intensity may be taken into consideration, by the. use of a simple transmission member which is inserted in the couplingconnection between the unitized or unitary speed and diaphragm setting members on theone hand and the manually operablesetting member and said third setting.

member on the other hand, theunitized speed and diaphragr'n setting members being connectable to the trans mission member indifferent relative positions aud the latter being connectable by means of releasable couplings alternately eitherto the manually operable setting; mem-.

spect to'the successfultaking of photographs can fur er 7 be obtained by thev provision of a: simple indicating on I warningxdevice which may apprise the useriof the suitabil ,v

" ity of prevailing'li ght conditionsf forexposuresettings. which }are .Within'the operatingrange of the camera, .0 7 1: sidering the particular filmsnsitivity whichjis} to be:

worked with. Such indicatingor; warning device cooperrates with the light intensity measuring deviceand is p'ref I erably visible in-the view finder. The indications of the warning device are changeable inresponse to. adjustment of the camera for different film sensitivities. e

' The special advantage of this further constructionas provided by the invention resides injthefact that except for" aiming the camera at the objectto be photographed and. possibly setting the distance, the operator need do noth- Patented May 5, 1964 galvanometer having a :needle which j is movable in a 7 ,-viewing window, in conjunction with two movable limitstituted as cams which arematched to the characteristic invention, to a wide range of film sensitivities in'a simple tional range, is thendeterminedby the number of the I thetrans'mission member. 1 I p V f -=By arranging 'theslector device so that is is in "a' stal j tionary; or fixed; location there. is. the advantage that it Y j Injaccordance withthe invention asset forth in another "embodiment thereof, the camera ican not onlybe a used'forldaylight exposures but also for flashexposurelsi.

range which istassociat'edl withi th'e 'rnanually operable setting member,the said rangehaving'an exp'os'urefjtime 'f which is suited: foriflash expesurea in. assoc'iati diaphragm} identification and ewithout knowledge of the V sire .ofthedia'phra'gm aperture which is associated with' the :dilferent settingposi'tions of th'e manually operable; setting member there is; provided an auxiliary range 'or: distance scaleand also an identification 'rnark jscale for 'fiash'larnp types,th'e saidscales being relatively adjustable: 75

in g more in order to obtain a successful'photograph than observe whether or not the indicating or warningdevice shows an acceptable or'else a non-acceptable circumstance. V a V V The saidindicating or warning device may be constructed'in different ways. Embodiments of such devices are known per se. However, according to. the invention there is provided an especially easily understood indicator means of simple structure which is characterized {by a' reliable mode of operation, in the formof a well-known" 10' ingmarks ormembers which. are also visible in the said window." The different spacings and'positions of the said limiting members are effected by controldevices con nected between the members and the film sensitivity (fourth) setting member, such control devices being conof the galvanometer in sucha manner that they define, as represented by the positions of the spacebetweenthe limiting members, the :permissible operating range of the camera. Thissimplified, specific'indicating or warning means constitutes an important feature of the invention;

In order'to' adapt the camera, in accordance withthe t and economical manner, the'fixedly coupled speed and diaphragm setting member's, arev made 'to have an 'addi etional path ofmovement or rangein order to} include f films having a sensitivity which exceeds the upper'limit of the operating range of the camera; For such over.-.

path or additional range of the coupled speed and. diaphragm setting members, the values of diaphragm and speed "remainfixed and have the same value which is associated with the upper limit of. the operating range. The size of the overpath,'that' is, the extent of the addi film sensitivity values in excess of'the'film sensitivity 7 limit.

1 An effortless 'a nd readily understandable method o f operating the camera with a view to establishing the'cou 40 pling connectionsthe. camera with a view to-establishing the -coupling connectionsbetween the unitized speed and diaphragm'setting members on the one hand. andjeither" 7 the ,manually' operable setting member or the said' third setting member on the other hand is obtained by the use of a selector device which normally remains in a, fixed location as regards: the movement of theispeed andfdias I fphragm setting members. The selector "device can be "placed in eitherof two positions, an automatic position and a manual position 'labelledrespectively auto?- and fmanfQ In 'the fauto. .position, .the selector device cont N nectftheisaid' third setting membergto thei transmission membenlfwhe'reas; in the man? position the selector device connects the manually operable setting member to I always'nccupies the same position'o'n thecamera, which faeilitatesfthe' finding'and gripping of the device. 7

andthis. isfaccomplished by providing a, special" setting A the entire range' of diaphragm values; p

o enablefthe. operatoreasily a a' s t i to, diaphragm. value without there existing a set the rig and referable one to the other.

be arranged on the manually operable setting member while the other is disposed on the said fourth or film sensitivity setting member. Or, alternatively, both scales may be disposed onthe film sensitivity member in which latter case for the purpose of setting the manually operable setting member at a position corresponding to the type of flashbulb used and the photographic distance or range which is selected, an index mark is provided on the manually operable setting member, for cooperation'with the scales for distance and flash lamp types carried by the said fourth setting member. Where the scales are respectively arrangedon the fourth and manually operable settingmemb'ers-they are arranged to be cooperable with each other, in effecting the setting for distance and flash.-

bulb type. I 7

- An "embodiment of the invention is described below and is illustrated diagrammatically by the accompanys ing drawings. Other features and advantages of'theinvention will also become apparent tion and drawings. a

FIG. 1 is a'diagrammatic representationof a camera setting means as provided by the invention; T he operafrom the said descriptive connections of the different setting members are illustrated in this figure, andthe positions occupied are those wherein the device is at readiness for effecting a fully automatic exposure setting. 7

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation illustrating the arrangement and construction of the setting scales associated with the manually operable setting member.

FIG. 3' is a diagrammatic representation of an arrange mentiof scales which is dilfere'nt from thatof FIG. '2,'and

which provides fora manual setting in "connection with flash exposures;

-FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic representation illustrating an. indicating or warning device as provided by the invention, and illustrating the mode of operation of such device. FIG. 5 illustrates a diagrammatic'showing of the con-i trol. device for exposure time and-diaphragm.

1 Referring now to FIG. 1; the numerals. 1 and 2 indi cate respectively theexposuretirne or speed setting member and thediaphra'grn: setting member. of 'a photographic camera..f"-1"he above 'two'setting members of the photo graphic camera arerigidly permanently connected to each, i 7

other toconstitute' a unitary setting de'viceQby meansfo-f across rail 3. The relative secured positions of the setting members 1 and 2, provide a fixed combination between V fspeed and diaphragm values w hich in conjunction with cam orqt1iVa1ent control devices coupled withtheset-y ting members and with the diaphragmiand shutter speed control, enable a closed setting range to be obtained,

having a uniform exposureyalue gradation. .Cam con trol device s'for effecting this are illustrated and described in my cop'endin'g'applicationSerial No. 839,8l9lfiled' September 124, 1959 andentitled Photographic Camera now' Patent No. 3,022,714 such, application' and t'he pre sent appli cation having common -0Wnership.j'As de-' scribedtherein and with'refer'ences to FIG. 5,1the control" device includes itwoslid'es: and 280 which are fixedlyv connected '(in'a mannerjnot'shown') to the setting mernbers"1 and 2 for exposure time and diaphragm. The

slidefltlt) comprises a cam-ltillifwith which a pinltil or aper se'knownflexposu re time escapementlmechanism cooperates. In additiomthe'member 100 comprisestwo. 'opening streqes fi 10012 withrwhich the arr'rilllZfofa B- arresting'lever. cooperates in a manner known pe'rse. .The

One of said scales may 1 values may be correlated for example; in the following manner:

For the purpose of automatically etfecting an exposure setting in response to the operation of a light-intenslty'measuring device, the invention provides a releasable coupling or connection between the two fixedly cou pled speed and diaphgram setting members 1 and 2 and a third setting member 4 which is controllable by the light. intensity measuring device and is' movable by means of a powered driving mechanism. Also for the purpose of setting or including additional exposure factors other than the light intensity, as for example the exposure factor of1film sensitivity, there is provided a fourth setting member .5 which normally remains stationary or fixed with respect to the automatic adjusting movement of the speed and diaphragm setting members 1 and 2 and is.

connectable to the said fixedly related members only for the purpose of elfecting the setting operation. The fourth setting membenS will hereinafter also be called the film sensitivity member.

The light intensity measuringdevice, by means of which the third setting member 4 is controlled, can be constructed in any well-known or proposed manner.

In the illustrated embodiment of. the invention, the

light intensity measuringdevice comprises a well-known galvanometer 6 which is energized by the current from by the two levers 10 and 12 are pivoted into the positions shown in FIG. 1 slightly before the third setting member 4 has reached its initial or starting position.

The setting member 4 carries out an adjusting movement from right to left under the action of the driving device 4b, 14.v At the initiation of such movement of the cam member 16 becomes disengaged from the pin 17 whereupon the contact lever 10 is free to be adjusted to a specific position as determined by the deflection of the moving coil 7 of the galvanometer, such adjusted position corresponding to the prevailing light intensity. Depending upon the position of the contact lever 10 the setting member 4' is halted during its rightto-left adjusting movement by engagement of one of the shoulders of the stepped edge 4a with the abutment lug 11a provided on the end of the lever 11. It willbe understood that the lever 11 assumes different angular positions as deter-.

a photocell (not shown for-reasons of clarity of illustration). The moving coil 7 of the galvanometer 6 is rotatably mountedon asupporting or carrier member 8 and has acam portion 9 cooperable' with a pivotally mounted two-part lever 10, for the purpose of feeling out or sensing the respective deflected positions of. the moving coil'7. as determined by the light intensity.

In order totransmitthe said respectivepositions of the moving coil 7 (as communicated to the sensing lever 10) to the third setting member 4; another pivotally mountedlever 11 is provided, being cooperably connected to the lever 10 in the manner shown in FIG. 1. One end portion llaof the lever 11 is adapted to cooperate with a stepped setting curve or edge 4a provided on the third settingmember 4. H 7 a 1 For the purpose of securing the moving coil of the galvanometer 6 in its various adjusted positions during the sensing operation, thesensing lever 10 has va tension:

al and unidirectionally positive connection with a pivotally mountedlever 12 whichycooperates with a cam member 13 on the moving coil7. The motions of the two levers 10 andfl1 2are reciprocally, so adjusted ,thatthe con-,

.tactor sensing {lever 10 does not engage, the moving coil 7 until after the moving coil has been engaged and lockedv in pos'ition by the fixing or locking lever 12.-; Inthe diagram of FIG. 1, the third settingmember 4 is shown in astartingposition which. is associated with a stressed or '10 ,and'112 aredisengagd from theirrespective cams 9 andf13lfYThisis accomplishedby the provision of a'cam- .min'gjmember 16 provided on the setting'member 4 and V cooperating with a pin 17 aifixed t oj the lever 10 wherecocked state of a powered drivingt deviceflb, 14 1acting mined basically by the light intensity. The lowest step of the stepped edge 4a corresponds to the maximum light value, and the highest step corresponds to the minimum value of the light intensity that can be indicated by the light intensity measuring device 6. The correlation of these values with the steps of the curve or edge 4a is always the same, regardless of the film sensitivity setting determined by adjustment of the fourthsetting member 5.

The above'described light intensity measuring device and the adjustable mechanism controlled thereby for halting the third setting member 4 may be constructed in accordance with the disclosure of US. Patent application Ser. No. 745,159, filed June 27, 1958, now Patent No. 3,004,481. The exposure setting ring mentioned in the said applicationcorresponds to the third setting member 4 of the present application. However, the light intensity measuring device may be constructed as regards its details, the result will always be the same in that the same path or extent of movement of the setting member 4, measured. from its starting position, Will be associated with given, specific (existing) light values, This arrangement 'and the connection between the speed and di aphragm setting members 1 and 2 on one, hand and the said third setting member 4 which is controlled by the light intensity measuring device on the other hand, as well as the kind of film sensitivity setting, produces in a camera as constructed in accordance with the invention, clear easily understood conditions which result in a simple structure and reliable operation of the device.

These advantages are obtained regardless of the special or specific construction of the various setting'mema.

bers, which in the figures are drawn in the formof slides for the sake of clarity of illustration. .Instead of being shaped like slides, the setting members may have annular configurations, thereby being adapted to the structural conditions of well-known cameras. M 1' In order to combine the above described mode of operation of the. camera with the greatest possible. operationakreliability, the invention further provides locking devices which permitthe said fourth (film sensitivity) setting member to be adjusted only when the coupling connection between the unitized speed and diaphragm setting'mernbers 1, 2 and the said third setting member 4 is disengaged with the latter setting member occupying the starting position' as shown in FIG. lwhich is associated with the stressed or cocked position ofits driving device 14, 14b. I f w The locking 'devices provided, as illustrated the embodiment of the invention, comprisetwo arresting or detent means. One of these is releasable; in response to the releaseiof the couplingconnection between the, unit: izedspeed and diaphrgam setting members 1, 2 on the one hand and the said third setting member 4 on the other hand, whereas the other detent or arresting means 13,13 Leis locking device comprises a flexiblejarrn 18 fixed to the fourth setting member Sj-and having a fingerpiece lSa. The arm 18 when not depressed engages bymeans of a locking lug 18b detent recesses or notches 19 provided on a stationary .part of the carnerafl The division or spacing of the said locking notches 19 is correlated with the graduations of asetting scale 20 provided'on the'c'amera for use in conjunction withthe sensitivity setting -member and which has film'sensitivity values. a

The second-named arresting or locking means comprises a movable pin 21 which is longitudinally shiit'able' in guides 22 and 23 provided on a side of the camera case, 'The'locking pin 21 has alug 21a at oneend which, under the action of a compressioncoil spring 24, is made to engage detent recesses'or notches 5a provided on the film sensitivitysetting member. 5 and having the same 'graduations'and spacing as the locking'notches 1?. The other end of the pin 21 has a pin-and-slot connection 106, "26a with a two-armed lever 26 which is pivoted about a pin 25 on the camera case' and which cooperates with a camj4d provided on the third setting member 4. This cooperation is' such that when the starting position of the able setting member '31 or else to thes'aidithird setting alternately to the. manually operable setting member 31 or else to the said third settingmember 4; V

The above mentioned coupling pin 29 which is'displaceable 'in response torelease of the arresting device 18, 19 is'utilized, in the illustrated embodiment of the said settingmernber 4(which position is associated with the cocked condition of the driving means 4b,- 14 islattainedthe cam 4d engages the 'lever'26 and causes the V latter to pivot clockwise whereupon the 'pin'2l will be raised as viewed in FIG; 1 and disengaged from the loc ing notches Saofthe said fourth settingvmember 5;

lug 18b becomes disengaged from the locking notches 19 m an adjustment of the said fourth setting member 5 can now be effected for the purpose, ofsetting for film sensitivity."

'A setting member 27 having an'index or l'indicator mark 27a is provided, connected through gears 27b, 28 and 5d with the fourth setting member 5, they member '27 to either the manually operable settingmember 31 or'else a 7 When the flexible blade 18 is actuatedgas its arresting invention, for the purpose of coupling the unitized speed and diaphragm setting members 1 and 2 to the transmission member 32. For this purpose, the pin29 is provided with a locking finger or lug 33 which engages, under, action of the spring 30, locking notches 32a which areprovidedpn the transmission member 32 and are correlated with the gradations of the film sensitivity scale 20. -The alternate coupling of the transmission member 32 to the said third setting member 4 is brought aboutby means of a railorslide bar 34 which is s'hiftably mounted; "on the. transmission member and is alternately engageable with the setting members 4 and 31 when these latter are in their starting positions. '-'The slide bar 34 is re-' serving to indicate on the sensitivity scalej2t} the adjusted position ofjthe film sensitivity setting member 5.

'In accordance with the invention there is provided a longitudinally shiftable pin 29 for the purpose otcoupling the unitized speed and diaphragm setting members .1, 2

to'the said lthird setti ng member 4 which is responsive to light values. The-pin 29 is 'slidably mounted on the setting members 1 and 2 and is maintained in operable posi tion by means of a compression coil spring 3 0, in a manner to be described later; Upward: shifting of the pin 29 a ainst the action 'ofthe spring 30- for'the purpose of releasing the coupling connection between the unitized setting members 1 and 2 on one hand and the said third setting member 4 on the other hand is effected by means of the flexible blade-18 and occurs during the release of the'locking device 18, 19 provided in connection with- V ceivable'in recesses 4e or 31 d provided respectively in the two settingmembers 4 and'=31,and is shiftable by means of an actuating or selector device which will be described in detail below.

' ,In order completely and reliablyto' eliminate errors'in "the method of operating the above described camera, there is further provided by the invention an additional locking device which permits adjustnientof-the film sensitivity setting member 5 only if the manually operable setting member 31 is in a specific starting position. FIG. '1 shows this starting position of the member 31, wherein the said member is positioned by a counterstop 35 and Y fixedly; mounted on the camera engaged witha stop lug 31k provided on the setting member. The said starting V which corresponds to the stressed or cockedcondition-of the film sensitivity setting member 5. When the flexible blade'18 is actuated'or shifted upward as seen in FIGiIl,

the said locking device and the coupling device are rnutually adjusted in such a manner .that'release of the.

coupling is eflfectedv prior to the relea'se of the locking member 4 during adjustment of the film sensitivity member5. Y

setting can be efi'ected'not only automatically in response to the prevailing light'intensity but also nianually{wher'e this should be'desired, or-required. x V Also, furtherin accordance with the invention the effecting of either an automatic ora manuals ettingfmay 'be accomplished in a simple mannerwhich provides a 3 clear and readily understandable structure and-reliable mode'of operation oftheldevice," In accomplishing this,

Z'are, torthe purposev of eite'ctingcither amanual or I elsej an automatic j'setting of the camera; connectedby ;means or releasable couplings ,eithe'rto a1 'r'tlanually operposition of the manually operable settin g member corresponds to the starting position of the said third setting member .4 which isresponsiveto the light intensity and the drivin'g'device 4b, 14. T a

The said additional locking device is constructed in a general manner similar to the locking means 18, 19 and V 5a, ZLsIt comprises a pin 36 which is displaceable in device. I This release reliably eliminatesrany possibility of the coupling pin' 29 actuating'thesaid third setting 7 7 r To provide for a versatile use of the camera'i'n-accordQ ance with the invention, it 'is of advantageif an exposure stationary guides 37 and 38 provided on the camera and V which" pin engages under the action of aspring 39 the locking notches 5a. already provided 'for on the film sensitivity member '5;

Thepin 36 is disengaged from the pin 21, "210 shown in FIG. 1,. ln'ac'complishing' this, the setting member 31 is provide'd with a, cam lug 31rl which is engagetable with a two-armed lever 41 pivotally mountedabout an axis 40 on' the camera, the said leverhaving a pinand-slot connection with the slide bar or-lockingpin 36;:

4 shows in conjunction with vFIG. 1 anadditional constructidn' of the invention which results in a particularlyieasy'and understandable. adjustment of th'e camera, by which photogr'aphsfarefreliably produced."This rev sults from the provision at a novel'indicating warn V I it h h 7 ing devicewhich' is. responsive to the prevailing light conthe unitizedspeediand diaphragm setting'membe'rs '1' and V I i v ditio'ns and which indicates, preferably in the viewfinder of the camera'ywhether or not an exposure setting may be automatically effectedwithinthe operating' range' of the camera at the prevailing: light intensity and in View.

I V V V V the lockingnotches 5a automatically in response to attainment" by the manually operable sett ng member 31 of its starting position as ofthe sensitivity of the film which is being .used. The relative positions of the indicator members or parts .of the indicating and warning device with respect to the needle or deflection part of the light intensity measuring device are changed in response to adjustment of the film sensitivity setting member 5.

Y The light intensity measuring device as shown in the illustrated embodiment is a well-known galvanometer 42 which is located in the circuit of a photocell 43.. The photocell circuit also includes a balancing resistor 44. The needle 42a of the galvanometer appears in a viewing window 45 which is preferably located in the finde'rfield or is mirrored into the finder in a well-known manner per se. 3

The said indicating or warning device is constituted as two movable, limiting lugs or members 46 and 47 which are also visible in the viewing window 45 and which cooperate with the needle 42a. The limiting members are adjustable as to their spacing and positions by means of control and transmission devices which are so arranged as to be correlated to the characteristic of the galvanometer 42.. The control and transmission devices connect the limiting members 46 and 47 with the'film sensitivity settingmember 5, and by the said correlation with the galvanometer characteristic the limiting marks'indicate or identify, by the space or region extending between them, the permissible operating range of the camera. This range or region is marked B in FIG. 4.

The two limiting members 46and 47 are constituted as needles which arelrotatably mounted and coaxial with theneedle 42a ofthe galvanometer 42.. A control device is associated with each of thetwo' indicator members 46 and47, to effect adjusting movement of such members in response to adjustment of the said fourth or film sensitivity setting member 5. Each of the control devices comprises a cam and, a portion of the indicator member which cooperates with the said cam. The cams have the reference numerals 48 and 148, andare fixedly'connected 'to a gear 49. For cooperation with the cams 48 and 148 the indicator members 46 and 47 have cam follower pins 50 and 150, whereas springs 51, 151 are connected with theindicator members 46 and 47 to maintain the cam follower pins in engagement withv the cams. The springs 51 and 151 each have" one end anchored, as indicated. The cams 48 andi148 are basically actuated by a cam b provided'on the saidlfou'rth or filmsensitivity setting member 5. The cam 5b is engaged by a cam follower pin 53 which is movable in a guide 52. and which cooperates with a bell crank 55 pivotally mounted about an axis 54. The movements of the bell crank 55 are transmitted by means of a pin 57 displaceable in a guide 56, to a gear 58 which meshes with the gear. 49.. A.

spring-60 is" provided, .disposed on the axis 59 of the gear 58 and biasing the latter counterclockwise, thereby to maintain 'a positivetensional] driving: connection be tween the gear 49:.and the cam 5b. V In. order reliably to insure a control of the above ,de-

"scribed kind, even when-the operating range of the camera is still'such as to permit the taking of a photograph but p when a. present exposure setting is no longer possible be cause the. end of the operatingrangefof the .lightintensity.

measuringcdeviceu has been reached, the lower limit-45a of the viewing window 45 ofthe galvanomtere42is:so

positioned that it cov'erstthe needle..42a whenfthe lower operating limit of the galvfanometer is reached.

An economicalarrangement with respect to the deqviesrfon'measuring the light intensity is eifected if a single galvanometer, whichds influenced by tlie'existing "light conditions, is used both to control the said. third setting inember. 4 and also .the indicator needle "42 conwith the levers. 10. and: 12., The said, needle will then be visible in the viewing window, or the position of the needle may be projected to a desired spot, as for example into the camera view finder, as by well-known optical means. i t

Whenthe above described indicating and warning device is used, the operational simplicity and understanding of the camera may be increased still further by the provision of electrical signal lamps, in addition to the needle.

type indicator. In suchcase, a separate signal lamp would be associated with each of the indicator members 46 and 47, and the lamps would light up when a coincidence is etfected between the needle 42 and the respective indicator member. In effecting a closing of the circuit, the indicator members 46 and 47 would be preferably. constituted as flexible contact arms, against which the needle 42 would abut when the said coincidence is brought about. An indicating and warning device provided in this manner results in an exclusive YesNo indication, especially if the indicating members 46 and 47 are not made to be visible. I

The maximum light intensity which may occur and be utilized,'as setforth in the illustrated embodiment of the invention, is, presumed to be such that it can just be taken care of with. the righest operating values of the camera, ie, in the above table, the pair: 1/250 sec.--22 diaphragm at a film sensitivity setting of 22; DIN. Assuming now that it should be possible to take photographs at the highest light intensity, the film sensitivity range associated with the operating range of the camera endsat 22 DIN;

In order to be able to use more sensitive films with the camera,'the two unitized speed and diaphragm setting members 1 and 2 are enabled to have an overpath or an extended range, Within which the values of the diaphragm and speed associated with the upper'limit of the operating range remain set or fixed. 1 The size or extentof the said overpath or additional range is determined by the desired number of the film sensitivity values exceeding the film sensitivity limit. i i

To explain further, the film sensitivity scale in the illustratedjembodiment of the invention extends to 31 DIN. Thus, the difference between 22 DIN is 9 DIN corresponding to three exposure values. The overpath or additionalrange of the said unitized orinterconnected speed and diaphragm setting members 1 and 2 therefore also is ;made to'equal three exposure values. This overpath or added-range is indicated by the letter .S, in FIG.

The magnitude of the diaphragm aperture and of the shutter speed can be kept constant for the said extended range or overpath, of the'setting members 1 and 2 in a manner known per se, by an appropriate shaping of the diaphragm and, speed cams. .1; A1 selector means constituted as a lever 61 in the il-, lustrated embodiment of the invention serves for alternately coupling the transmission member 32 either .to the manually operable setting member 31 or else to the said thirdsettingmember ,4 which isresponsive to light conditions in its setting. The-selector lever 61 is pivotally mounted abouta stationary pin 62 provided on the camera e case,- and can be placed in; two positions indicated-as uto and '-1man./When the lever 61 is setat .auto, the transmission member 32 isgconnected to the said third setting; member-4, and"; when the selector 61 is gplaced in the man jzposition, (thetransmission member 32 is: connected to the manually operable setting member 31. The 7, coupling. of the transmission member andthe said setting jmembersis effected by theabove mentioned lockingirail 34 which" is .shiftably mounted on thetransmission member, 32 and=is cooperably, connected to theselector lever 61 when the member 32 is at thestarting position; associatedwith the starting positions of the members 4 and 31 shown in FIG. 1. I

The above described arrangementprovides aparticularlyeifortless, easily'rnanipulable and understood selec- FIG; 1. a g V p In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the said 7 tive Operation of the camera as regards changing from an automatic exposure settingrto a manual setting and vice I versa. When the'op'erator effects'such a selection of the desired setting he has merely to make sure that the two 7 setting members 4 and 31 are first in their starting positions, and to remember that the manually operable setting member-31 can be adjusted only when'the selector setting. e

In order compl'etelyand reliably to insure fulfillment V of these requirements, even independently of the operator, the invention further provides several locking devices serve for setting the manually operable setting member 1 31. 7 'However, the symbol scale has the advantage over the genuindlight scale in that the setting of the manually'operable setting member 31 can be effecteddirectly by comparison-of the actual exposure conditions symbolized shown onthe scale.

' lever 61 is in the mant position indicating this kind of one of which permits'adjustinent of the manually operable setting member31 only if the selector 61 is in the man position, Whereas the other locking devicepermits adjustment or shifting'of thejselector lever 61 from the r fman position to the autopositionor 'vice versa only if both the manuallyoperable setting member 31 and' are in their starting positions as shown in the member 4 locking devices have a common member which can be 312 with the setting members 5 and 31 may also be effected conversely, that is,"the iudex maybe provided on the member 5 and the scale may be provided on the member 31. V l a For the purpose of taking flash photographs, the manually operable, setting member 31 is arranged to have a special setting range .beyond therange ofthe symbol scale 70 and for which a shutter speed suitable for flash exposures, as for example 0 sec., is provided. Such shutter speed may be correlated with the entire range of diaphragm values in the said additional setting range of actuated by the selector member 61 andjw hich is consti tutcd asa 'locking'rail 63. The locking rail 63 is displaceable in guides 64 and 65 provided on the camera, and has a pin-and-slot connection 61a, '66'with the lever 61. In order-cooperably to connect the selector lever 61 to the coupling 34 of the transmission member 32,

engaged by an arm 34a of the coupling rail. The lock ing rail 63 has at one of its ends .two recesses 63band 63c which are associated with thefauto and ma'n*setting the; member 31. i In this'case, the shutter, speed can be kept constant for the said diaphragm values in a manner known per se by appropriately shapingithe shutter speed cam associated with the speed setting member; 7 The set- V a case of flash exposures is effected through'the use of athe locking rail 63, is provided with a recess 63a which is positionsjof the selector 1ever 61. A locking lever 68 V which is pivoted about a fixed axis 67 provided on the camera cooperates with the recesses 63b and 63c. This cooperation-isbroughtabout when the said third setting a member 4 is out of its starting position ehown' in FIG. 1. A projection 68aof 'the locking lever 68' is engageable" under the action of a spring 69' biasing the lever 68' clockwise, with one of the recesses 6312 or 630; thereby 4 attaining its starting position, this being effected by' av projection 4f provided on the said setting member 4 which is engageable with and swings the locking lever 68 counterclockwise to the positionshown in FIG. 1;

I for the selector lever 61. v V

In addition, two B setting marks are provided; for the purpose of effecting B-exposures as Well as to permit to prevent a shifting of the selector lever 61. The loicka ring lever 68 isreleased in response to thesetting member scale 71 having diaphragm values, which in the illustrated embodiment shown inFIGSpl and 2 is disposed on a fixed part of the'camera and arranged to cooperate with the aforementioned index arm 31c. Two"symbols in the 7 form of'fa combustion flash bulb and ahigh voltage flash respectively are associated with the rscale'71 to identify the purpose for which it is to be used. The'same symbols are used in conjunction with the setting marking man a vfocusing check of the photographic objective, one of said markings beingassociated with the diaphragm value 2.8 whereas the otherjone is associated withthe dia- V phragm value 22 (FIG. 2 a

' A further construction as provided by: the invention is illustrated in FIG; .3, whichshows a novel scale arrangement by which semi-automatic setting of the'diaphragm for flash exposures may be effected in response to the i .type off fiashbulbused and the photographic range or a'laterally extending lu'g 63 d which is received i n an angle-shaped slot 31d provided on the setting member 31';

The mode of operation of this'arrang'ement is ap-j r 'parentffrom FIG. 1, and'is such that the manually operablejsetting member 31' canonly be adjusted when the selector lever 61 is in the man position; In addition,

the cselector'lever 61 can be actuated only if the setting member 31 occupies its starting position as shown'in' The possibility of selecting a manual setting for the Y 3 exposure has anumber'of advantages in photographic cameras having automatic exposure setting or regulation.

More particularly, it insures that the camera may be 7 distance; For this purpose an auxiliary distance-scale 72 and an identification mark scale r the flashbulb types 73 .are arranged so asfto,be mutuallyadjustable and cooperable. It ispossible-selectively to' arrange'either the one s'c'ale'iont the setting member 5, and the other. one on the t manually; setting member 31, or else to arrange both of utili'zed'even it the automatic setting; device is not in operation; It is moreover possible to take photographs even where the light conditions difier prior (1Q an'd' during thezexposure. a case inpo'int. l .A well-known V l e I FIGQZ serves, in! the illustrated,embodimentbf the in- V vention, for setting the' manuallyoperable settingfmemher in" the case of"daylightf exposures. The represen Flash photographs are,f for 'example,

brightness symbol scale shown int'at'iori's of the individuab symbols on said sealei are a 1 adapted to the uniformly graduated exposure: value series resulting from the correlation of the speed anddiaphragm fv'al'uesfof the rnembers 1 and 2;; Instead ofthej'symbol scale 7 0, a' scale with genuin'e "light values may likewise the'scales on one of these setting members, in eachcase the scales being relatively movable for adjustment. Where bers, the members are adjusted to correlate thelscalesby adjusting the setting member 31 (and thereby adjusting V ;the diaphragm): to aposition correspondingto the type Fof flashhulbj which is used andthe photographic range of l xlistancelselected. Where the two scales are provided on diieiofthe settingmembers, therotherfsetting member hasganI index mark'which 'is-a'rranged to cooperate'vvith. on'eg'of 'the scales for. range (distance)rand 'identifying marks. r

As illustrated in'FIG. 3, the manually operablesetting mcmber 31 .con'stitutes the carrier for the two scales 72 V and 73, and the auxiliary range or distance scale 72. is V disposed on a scale member for the purpose ofprovid- ,1 ing {or relative, adjustability of the two j'scales with 'rel spc ct to each other. Therrnember 74'is rclativelyfadjusfl .abl e withrespect tothe manuallybperablesetting member 31 by the use of a fingerpiece 75 'on'such member.

I The setting marking forthe'two scales a'nd73 coma l ture and mode of operation .explanation. 1

' In a different manner, the trade names alone may be used as identifying marks, or the identifying marks may consist of symbols of difierent shapes or colors, as for example symbols of small or large flashlamps or a squence of other symbols of different colors, for instance, dots or bars. i

The above described arrangement enables the setting of the diaphragm for flash exposures to be carried out in the easiest, simplest and most reliable manner imaginable This is due to the fact that the only requirement for correctly setting the diaphragm consists in adjusting the manuall y operable setting member 31 until the range or distance which is set on the auxiliary range scale 72 is the same as that on theran'geor distance setting scale of the photographic objective. i i i As has already been mentioned, the setting member 4 includes a driving device, which in FIG. 1 is shown as a gear 14 and a rack 4b cooperable with the gear and,

provided with a spring. The said driving device is preferably stressed or cocked in response to the setting of the shutter or actuation of the film transport device of the camera, whereby the setting member can be secured by means of a retaining devicein its starting position associated with the stressedcondition of the driving device as shown in FIG. 1'.

I The retaining device comprises, as illustratedin FIG. 1, a locking pawl 760 which cooperates by means of a lug 76a'with a locking recess 4g provided in the' setting member 4. For a purpose of releasing the setting member4, the pawl 760 can be actuated againstthe action of a spring 77 which biases it clockwise, this actuation being in response to the release operation of the camera. The connection with the camera release is indicated by the arrow' 78 -It can be put into effect in the form of any well known transmission device, @or the button'760b may be considered as the camera-release. However, for the purpose of insuring the completion of an automatic exposure setting prior to the opening of the shutter, aswell as to avoid adverse effects on the result of the exposure of vibrations possibly occurring while the setting member 4 is running down there is further provided by the invention an arrangement involving a well-known delayed ac tion mechanism which is releasable inlresponse to or simultaneously with releaseof: the camera or shutter. Through the use ofsuch delayed actionfmechanism the opening of the shutter may bedelayed by a specific period "of time with respect. to the, release operation of the camera or the shutter, said period of timebeing so selectedthat the setting member 4 is enabled to travel the maximum extent of its adjustingmovement. i

' 11h FIG. 1 a ilelayed action device-Dis illustrated, havinga release lever arm Ltwhich is actuated in response to operation of the camera release 7601;. The delayed .action device has a control (arm Cswhich is connected to release the shutter'drivernechanism, in this case illustrated asTthe drivingdisc "DDof the shutter driving mechanism.

' :Del-ayed action mechanisms'ofthis type are used in well known shutters and cameras, for example, as synchronizing mechanisms for flashbulb ignition." The structherefore need no further The mode briefly sis-follows: U

j (1,) Film Sensitivity Setting This setting is efiected -with the parts inthe positions or operation andifunctioning of the camera ,as' provided by "th'e invention and described above, is

shown in FIG. 1, wherein the third setting member 4 and the manually operable setting member 3-1 are in their starting positions. The fingerpiece 18a is depressed, releasing the coupling connection 29, 3 3, 3211 between the setting members 1, 2 and the transmission member @21- Such action also unlocks the locking means 1%, '19, whereupon the film sensitivity setting member 5 is shifted to bring the index pointer 27a opposite the sensitivity value on the scale 20 which correspond to the sensitivity of the film being used. This adjustment causes a simultaneous adjustment of the setting members 1 and 2 which control the shutter speed and the diaphragm.

(2) Operations Required of the Operator Prior to Taking of the Photograph 7 These operations are limited to selecting the desired kind of exposure setting (either automatic or non-automatic) by means of the selector, lever 61. Also, it is necessary for the operator to check and ascertain whet-her or not theneedle 42a of the galvanometer 42 is within the range indicated by the indicator members 46 and 47. If the needle is not within the said range, it means that the prevailing light intensity is either too low or too high to permit the taking of a photograph with an automatic exposure setting at the film sensitivity for which the set ting member 5 has been adjusted.

(3 Taking of a Photograph With Automatic Exposure Setting This is done by actuating the camera release 760b, This operation will release the locking pawl 760 which, in turn, releases the third setting member 4, penmitting fit to run down under the action of the driving means 4b, 14. Depending on the prevailing light intensity, the setting member 4 is halted after having travelled a shorter or longer path, by engagement of one of the. steps of the steppededgeAa with the lug 11a of the stop lever 11. Thespeed and diaphragm setting members 1 and 2 will by such action automatically attain a setting position which corresponds to the prevailing light intensity and to the preset film sensitivity. Operation of the camera release also places in operation the delayed action device D, thereby delaying the opening movement of the camera shutter until the adjusting movement of the setting member 4 has been completed. Upon this occurring, the delayed action device D will, through action of the control lever-C, release the shutter mechanism driving disc DD, thereby to effect an opening of the shutter and an exposure. i I

w (4) The Taking of a Photograph With the Manual 'as shown in FIG. 1), and the manually operable setting member 31 is thereby coupled with the transmission member 32. I f'the photograph to be taken is a daylight exposure, thesetting member 31 together with the speed "and diaphragm settingmembers land 2 are now adjusted to an extent necessaryto bring the "needle indicatorfinger 31a opposite the symbol associated with the prevailing light intensity onthescale70. 1

In the case of flash exposures on the; other hand, the setting member 31 is set with the "aid of the scale 71 (FIGS. 1 and, 2) or with the aid ot'theauxiliaryrange and fiashbulb identifyingscales 72 and 7 3 (FIG; 3). In

theembodiment of the invention shown in FIGS; l and flash-exposures in the latter case merely requires that the guide value of the flashbulb which is to be used, is set on the guide-value scale 731 by means of the mark 7 6, and that thereafter a, coincidence be brought about and effected between the number of meters on thescale 72 corresponding to the photognaphic' range selected and the setting mark c, by.means of the manually operable setting member 31.

Iclaim: i r V r '1. In a photographic camera, combination, diaphragm and speed setting members; means including a devicetixedly couplingsaid members in a given relative position whereby during adjustment of the coupled setting members the camera diaphragm and speed values are correlated to define a closed'setting range having uniform exposure gradations; a light-intensity measuring device;

a third setting member; means for effecting automatic adjustment of said third setting member in accordance with the response of said measuring device to'light con ditions; means'for releasably coupling the, coupled diaphragm and speed setting members to the third setting member for automatic actuation thereby; a fourth setting memberiandindicator means associated with thesame,

relating to an addition exposure factor; and means responsive to adjustment of said fourth setting member, for actuating'the-said releasable coupling means arid altering the relative coupled position of the diaphragm and speed setting members with respect to the third setting member thereby to includethe additional exposure factor the automatic adjustment of the speed and diaphragm setting membersflx ,7 a f 1 '2; The invention as defined in olaimll, in which there are two means for locking the fourth setting member in 7 its adjusted positions, and in which the means for actuating the releasable coupling renders inoperative one of said locking means subsequent to releasing the ooupling and in which the other locking means is rendered inoperative only when the third setting memberis'in a predetenmined star-ting position];

3. The invention as defined claim 2, in which the Q locking means have notched; members and cooperable locking teeth, and in which the said indicator means comprises a'film sensitivity-scale having gradations equal in spacing to the spacing between the notches of the notched .membersu 4. The'inve'ntion' as defined in claim which there 'nately operative with saidreleasable coupling means for posure setting utilizing the third setting member, of the setting of the said fourth setting member which determines the said additional exposure factor, in conjunction j with existing light conditions. r

9. The. invention as defined in claim; 8, in' whichthere is a viewing window. wherein the defiectable part moves,

a. in Whichthe warning indicator comprises two relatively movable indicator members disposed in the viewing'wjn- ,dow, in which there are control devices j'connecting the indicator members with the said fourth settingmember and regulating the spacing and positioning of the-indicator members with reference to alight measuring device characteristic with which the control devices are correlated so that the range boundedby the indicator members indicates the, permisible'range of the-deflectable part for which light conditions are suitable for the use'of an automaticexposure setting utilizing the said third setting member. r r

10. The invention as defined inclaim 9," in which the light intensity measuring devicecomprises a galvanometer for'actuating the said'deflectabl'e part, said galvanometer having the lcharacteristic with which the control devices are correlated. V r Q 11. ,The invention as defined in'clainr 1, in which the diaphragm and speed setting membersshiftable in an voverpath disposed beyond the said closed setting range,

. V is a manually operable setting member and means altercoupling said coupled speed and diaphragm setting mem- V hers 'to said manually operable member whereby said speed and diaphnagm setting members maybe optionally adjusted either manually or automatically.

5. The invention as defined inclaim 4, inwhich the said releasable coupling means and alternativelyoperable 7 coupling means include atnansmissi-on member which is optionally connectable to either the 'third setting'memb er or the manually operable setting member, and inwhich which effects an adjustmentof the speedjand diaphragm 'setting'members with respect to the transmission member.

.' 6;The invention as defined in'claim S, in which there are three means for 'locking'the fourth setting'member in its adjusted positions, .inrwhich the said adjustable coupling renders, inoperative one of said locking means subjsequent to itsreleasq'and in-whichjthe other two locking "means arerende'red' inoperative respectively only when the manually operable setting'member and the said third jsett ing member are in predetermined respective starting" positions, 7 v V '7. The invention as defined in claim din-which the frthr ee'lock ing means' have notched members and cooperablelocking teeth, and in which, the saidindicator means ;comprises .-a film-sensitivity scale having gradations equal in spacing to the spacing between the not ches of the notched members."

7 r g V "the entire-rangeof'diapihragm values.

the meanstor altering the relative coupled position of the third setting member comprises an adjustable coupling .for which overpath the diaphragm and speed values asso- Ici'ated with the upper limitjof the said closed rangehold,

in which the said indicator means comprises a film sensitivity scale having additional; sensitivity values corrcr sponding to ultra-sensitive films, and in which the extent of the saidloverpath is commensurate. with the number of the said additional'film sensitivity values.

12; The invention as defined in c1aimis, in which time i is a selector member having a fixedlocation, said. selector member being settable' i-n'either of two positions, and

in which there are means responsive to movement of the selector member actuating said releasable coupling means and said alternately operable coupling means to :connect either said third setting'member. or the manually operableisetting member to said transmission member.

13.1The' invention as defined in claim 12, in which "there is a lockingmeans controlled ,by the selectormema her, which locks the manually operable setting member in apredetermined starting. position when the selector member is in one of the said two positions.

1 4;The'invention as defined in claim 12, in which there are means controlled by the manually operable and said third settingmembers for locking the selector member against movement in eitherone of its two positions when either of the said setting members are out 'of their respective starting positions.

isaan indicator means includingoa light-conditionscale fourth setting inember'an'd saidmanu'ally operable setting and. cooperable index member associated with the said memberf 16 ."The. invention as defined claim in the manually operable 'settin'g member has a partial: change of movementsuited for flash. exposures, for which partial range the speed and diaphragm settingzmembers when coupled with the manually operable setting member provi-de a shutter speed suited-for flash exposures throughout 17. me invention as defined in-claim '16, in Whic-h.

{there are indicator means associated with thema-nually operable, setting member and the said fourth setting memher and responsiveto relativemovement between said 15. The invention as defined in claim 4', in'which there 7 17 members, for efiiectingidistance settings :for difierent flash bulb types, said indicator means comprising a distance scale and a flashbulb-type scale, the latter being movable with respect to the distance scale and being cooperable therewith. v

- 18. The invention as defined in claim 1, in which there is a manually operable release member for effecting the exposure, and in which there is a delayed action device References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,969,004 Gebele Jan. 24, 1961 

1. IN A PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA, IN COMBINATION, DIAPHRAGM AND SPEED SETTING MEMBERS; MEANS INCLUDING A DEVICE FIXEDLY COUPLING SAID MEMBERS IN A GIVEN RELATIVE POSITION WHEREBY DURING ADJUSTMENT OF THE COUPLED SETTING MEMBERS THE CAMERA DIAPHRAGM AND SPEED VALUES ARE CORRELATED TO DEFINE A CLOSED SETTING RANGE HAVING UNIFORM EXPOSURE GRADATIONS; A LIGHT-INTENSITY MEASURING DEVICE; A THIRD SETTING MEMBER; MEANS FOR EFFECTING AUTOMATIC ADJUSTMENT OF SAID THIRD SETTING MEMBER IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RESPONSE OF SAID MEASURING DEVICE TO LIGHT CONDITIONS; MEANS FOR RELEASABLY COUPLING THE COUPLED DIAPHRAGM AND SPEED SETTING MEMBERS TO THE THIRD SETTING MEMBER FOR AUTOMATIC ACTUATION THEREBY; A FOURTH SETTING MEMBER AND INDICATOR MEANS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SAME, RELATING TO AN ADDITION EXPOSURE FACTOR; AND MEANS RESPONSIVE TO ADJUSTMENT OF SAID FOURTH SETTING MEMBER, FOR ACTUATING THE SAID RELEASABLE COUPLING MEANS AND ALTERING THE RELATIVE COUPLED POSITION OF THE DIAPHRAGM AND SPEED SETTING MEMBERS WITH RESPECT TO THE THIRD SETTING MEMBER THEREBY TO INCLUDE THE ADDITIONAL EXPOSURE FACTOR IN THE AUTOMATIC ADJUSTMENT OF THE SPEED AND DIAPHRAGM SETTING MEMBERS. 